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FM25L16
16Kb FRAM Serial 3V Memory Features
16K bit Ferroelectric Nonvolatile RAM * Organized as 2,048 x 8 bits * Unlimited Read/Write Cycles * 45 Year Data Retention * NoDelayTM Writes * Advanced High-Reliability Ferroelectric Process Very Fast Serial Peripheral Interface - SPI * Up to 18 MHz Frequency * Direct Hardware Replacement for EEPROM * SPI Mode 0 & 3 (CPOL, CPHA=0,0 & 1,1) Sophisticated Write Protection Scheme * Hardware Protection * Software Protection Low Power Consumption * Low Voltage Operation 2.7-3.6V * 1 A Standby Current Industry Standard Configuration * Industrial Temperature -40C to +85C * "Green"/RoHS 8-pin SOIC Package * "Green"/RoHS 8-pin TDFN Package * TDFN Footprint Conforms to TSSOP-8
Description
The FM25L16 is a 16-kilobit nonvolatile memory employing an advanced ferroelectric process. A ferroelectric random access memory or FRAM is nonvolatile and performs reads and writes like a RAM. It provides reliable data retention for 45 years while eliminating the complexities, overhead, and system level reliability problems caused by EEPROM and other nonvolatile memories. Unlike serial EEPROMs, the FM25L16 performs write operations at bus speed. No write delays are incurred. Data is written to the memory array immediately after each byte has been transferred to the device. The next bus cycle may commence without the need for data polling. The product offers virtually unlimited write endurance, orders of magnitude more endurance than EEPROM. FRAM also exhibits much lower power during writes than EEPROM. These capabilities make the FM25L16 ideal for nonvolatile memory applications requiring frequent or rapid writes. Examples range from data collection, where the number of write cycles may be critical, to demanding industrial controls where the long write time of EEPROM can cause data loss. The FM25L16 provides substantial benefits to users of serial EEPROM as a hardware drop-in replacement. The FM25L16 uses the high-speed SPI bus, which enhances the high-speed write capability of FRAM technology. Device specifications are guaranteed over an industrial temperature range of -40C to +85C.
This product conforms to specifications per the terms of the Ramtron standard warranty. The product has completed Ramtron's internal qualification testing and has reached production status. Rev. 3.0 Aug. 2006
Pin Configuration CS SO WP VSS
1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5
VDD HOLD SCK SI
/CS SO /WP VSS
1 2 3 4
Top View 8
7 6 5
VDD /HOLD SCK SI
Pin Name /CS /WP /HOLD SCK SI SO VDD VSS
Function Chip Select Write Protect Hold Serial Clock Serial Data Input Serial Data Output Supply Voltage Ground
Ordering Information
FM25L16-G FM25L16-DG "Green"/RoHS 8-pin SOIC "Green"/RoHS 8-pin TDFN
Ramtron International Corporation 1850 Ramtron Drive, Colorado Springs, CO 80921 (800) 545-FRAM, (719) 481-7000 www.ramtron.com Page 1 of 14
FM25L16
WP CS HOLD SCK
Instruction Decode Clock Generator Control Logic Write Protect
512 x 32 FRAM Array
Instruction Register
Address Register Counter SI
11
8
Data I/O Register 3 Nonvolatile Status Register
SO
Figure 1. Block Diagram
Pin Descriptions Pin Name /CS I/O Input Description Chip Select: This active low input activates the device. When high, the device enters low-power standby mode, ignores other inputs, and all outputs are tri-stated. When low, the device internally activates the SCK signal. A falling edge on /CS must occur prior to every op-code. Serial Clock: All I/O activity is synchronized to the serial clock. Inputs are latched on the rising edge and outputs occur on the falling edge. Since the device is static, the clock frequency may be any value between 0 and 18 MHz and may be interrupted at any time. Hold: The /HOLD pin is used when the host CPU must interrupt a memory operation for another task. When /HOLD is low, the current operation is suspended. The device ignores any transition on SCK or /CS. All transitions on /HOLD must occur while SCK is low. Write Protect: This active low pin prevents write operations to the status register. This is critical since other write protection features are controlled through the status register. A complete explanation of write protection is provided on pages 6 and 7. Serial Input: All data is input to the device on this pin. The pin is sampled on the rising edge of SCK and is ignored at other times. It should always be driven to a valid logic level to meet IDD specifications. * SI may be connected to SO for a single pin data interface. Serial Output: This is the data output pin. It is driven during a read and remains tristated at all other times including when /HOLD is low. Data transitions are driven on the falling edge of the serial clock. * SO may be connected to SI for a single pin data interface. Power Supply (2.7V to 3.6V) Ground
SCK
Input
/HOLD
Input
/WP
Input
SI
Input
SO
Output
VDD VSS
Supply Supply
Rev. 3.0 Aug. 2006
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FM25L16
Overview
The FM25L16 is a serial FRAM memory. The memory array is logically organized as 2,048 x 8 and is accessed using an industry standard Serial Peripheral Interface or SPI bus. Functional operation of the FRAM is similar to serial EEPROMs. The major difference between the FM25L16 and a serial EEPROM with the same pinout is the FRAM's superior write performance.
microcontroller. Many common microcontrollers have hardware SPI ports allowing a direct interface. It is quite simple to emulate the port using ordinary port pins for microcontrollers that do not. The FM25L16 operates in SPI Mode 0 and 3. The SPI interface uses a total of four pins: clock, data-in, data-out, and chip select. A typical system configuration uses one or more FM25L16 devices with a microcontroller that has a dedicated SPI port, as Figure 2 illustrates. Note that the clock, data-in, and data-out pins are common among all devices. The Chip Select and Hold pins must be driven separately for each FM25L16 device. For a microcontroller that has no dedicated SPI bus, a general purpose port may be used. To reduce hardware resources on the controller, it is possible to connect the two data pins (SI, SO) together and tie off (high) the Hold pin. Figure 3 shows a configuration that uses only three pins. Protocol Overview The SPI interface is a synchronous serial interface using clock and data pins. It is intended to support multiple devices on the bus. Each device is activated using a chip select. Once chip select is activated by the bus master, the FM25L16 will begin monitoring the clock and data lines. The relationship between the falling edge of /CS, the clock and data is dictated by the SPI mode. The device will make a determination of the SPI mode on the falling edge of each chip select. While there are four such modes, the FM25L16 supports Modes 0 and 3. Figure 4 shows the required signal relationships for Modes 0 and 3. For both modes, data is clocked into the FM25L16 on the rising edge of SCK and data is expected on the first rising edge after /CS goes active. If the clock begins from a high state, it will fall prior to beginning data transfer in order to create the first rising edge. The SPI protocol is controlled by op-codes. These op-codes specify the commands to the device. After /CS is activated the first byte transferred from the bus master is the op-code. Following the op-code, any addresses and data are then transferred. Note that the WREN and WRDI op-codes are commands with no subsequent data transfer. Important: The /CS must go inactive (high) after an operation is complete and before a new op-code can be issued. There is one valid op-code only per active chip select.
Memory Architecture
When accessing the FM25L16, the user addresses 2,048 locations of 8 data bits each. These data bits are shifted serially. The addresses are accessed using the SPI protocol, which includes a chip select (to permit multiple devices on the bus), an op-code, and a two-byte address. The upper 5 bits of the address range are `don't care' values. The complete address of 11-bits specifies each byte address uniquely. Most functions of the FM25L16 either are controlled by the SPI interface or are handled automatically by on-board circuitry. The access time for memory operation is essentially zero, beyond the time needed for the serial protocol. That is, the memory is read or written at the speed of the SPI bus. Unlike an EEPROM, it is not necessary to poll the device for a ready condition since writes occur at bus speed. So, by the time a new bus transaction can be shifted into the device, a write operation will be complete. This is explained in more detail in the interface section. Users expect several obvious system benefits from the FM25L16 due to its fast write cycle and high endurance as compared with EEPROM. In addition there are less obvious benefits as well. For example in a high noise environment, the fast-write operation is less susceptible to corruption than an EEPROM since it is completed quickly. By contrast, an EEPROM requiring milliseconds to write is vulnerable to noise during much of the cycle. Note that the FM25L16 contains no power management circuits other than a simple internal power-on reset. It is the user's responsibility to ensure that VDD is within datasheet tolerances to prevent incorrect operation. It is recommended that the part is not powered down with chip select active.
Serial Peripheral Interface - SPI Bus
The FM25L16 employs a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus. It is specified to operate at speeds up to 18 MHz. This high-speed serial bus provides high performance serial communication to a host
Rev. 3.0 Aug. 2006
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FM25L16
SCK MOSI MISO SO SPI Microcontroller SI SCK SO SI SCK
FM25L16 CS SS1 SS2 HOLD1 HOLD2 HOLD
FM25L16 CS HOLD
MOSI : Master Out Slave In MISO : Master In Slave Out SS : Slave Select
Figure 2. System Configuration with SPI port
P1.0 P1.1
Microcontroller
SO
SI
SCK
FM25L16 CS P1.2 HOLD
Figure 3. System Configuration without SPI port
SPI Mode 0: CPOL=0, CPHA=0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SPI Mode 3: CPOL=1, CPHA=1
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Figure 4. SPI Modes 0 & 3
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FM25L16 Data Transfer All data transfers to and from the FM25L16 occur in 8-bit groups. They are synchronized to the clock signal (SCK), and they transfer most significant bit (MSB) first. Serial inputs are registered on the rising edge of SCK. Outputs are driven from the falling edge of SCK. Command Structure There are six commands called op-codes that can be issued by the bus master to the FM25L16. They are listed in the table below. These op-codes control the functions performed by the memory. They can be divided into three categories. First, there are commands that have no subsequent operations. They perform a single function such as to enable a write operation. Second are commands followed by one byte, either in or out. They operate on the status register. The third group includes commands for memory transactions followed by an address and one or more bytes of data. Table 1. Op-code Commands Name Description Set Write Enable Latch WREN Write Disable WRDI Read Status Register RDSR Write Status Register WRSR Read Memory Data READ WRITE Write Memory Data WREN - Set Write Enable Latch The FM25L16 will power up with writes disabled. The WREN command must be issued prior to any write operation. Sending the WREN op-code will allow the user to issue subsequent op-codes for write operations. These include writing the status register and writing the memory. Sending the WREN op-code causes the internal Write Enable Latch to be set. A flag bit in the status register, called WEL, indicates the state of the latch. WEL=1 indicates that writes are permitted. Attempting to write the WEL bit in the status register has no effect. Completing any write operation will automatically clear the write-enable latch and prevent further writes without another WREN command. Figure 5 below illustrates the WREN command bus configuration. WRDI - Write Disable The WRDI command disables all write activity by clearing the Write Enable Latch. The user can verify that writes are disabled by reading the WEL bit in the status register and verifying that WEL=0. Figure 6 illustrates the WRDI command bus configuration.
Op-code
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0110b 0100b 0101b 0001b 0011b 0010b
Figure 5. WREN Bus Configuration
Figure 6. WRDI Bus Configuration
Rev. 3.0 Aug. 2006 Page 5 of 14
FM25L16 RDSR - Read Status Register The RDSR command allows the bus master to verify the contents of the Status Register. Reading Status provides information about the current state of the write protection features. Following the RDSR opcode, the FM25L16 will return one byte with the contents of the Status Register. The Status Register is described in detail in a later section. WRSR - Write Status Register The WRSR command allows the user to select certain write protection features by writing a byte to the Status Register. Prior to issuing a WRSR command, the /WP pin must be high or inactive. Note that on the FM25L16, /WP only prevents writing to the Status Register, not the memory array. Prior to sending the WRSR command, the user must send a WREN command to enable writes. Note that executing a WRSR command is a write operation and therefore clears the Write Enable Latch. The bus configuration of RDSR and WRSR are shown below.
Figure 7. RDSR Bus Configuration
Figure 8. WRSR Bus Configuration
Status Register & Write Protection
The write protection features of the FM25L16 are multi-tiered. First, a WREN op-code must be issued prior to any write operation. Assuming that writes are enabled using WREN, writes to memory are controlled by the Status Register. As described above, writes to the status register are performed using the WRSR command and subject to the /WP pin. The Status Register is organized as follows. Table 2. Status Register
Bit Name 7 WPEN 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 BP1 2 BP0 1 WEL 0 0
features. They are nonvolatile (shaded yellow). The WEL flag indicates the state of the Write Enable Latch. Attempting to directly write the WEL bit in the status register has no effect on its state. This bit is internally set and cleared via the WREN and WRDI commands, respectively. BP1 and BP0 are memory block write protection bits. They specify portions of memory that are write protected as shown in the following table. Table 3. Block Memory Write Protection BP1 BP0 Protected Address Range 0 0 None 0 1 600h to 7FFh (upper 1/4) 1 0 400h to 7FFh (upper 1/2) 1 1 000h to 7FFh (all)
Bits 0 and 4-6 are fixed at 0 and cannot be modified. Note that bit 0 (Ready in EEPROMs) is unnecessary as the FRAM writes in real-time and is never busy. The WPEN, BP1 and BP0 control write protection
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FM25L16 The BP1 and BP0 bits and the Write Enable Latch are the only mechanisms that protect the memory from writes. The remaining write protection features protect inadvertent changes to the block protect bits. The WPEN bit controls the effect of the hardware /WP pin. When WPEN is low, the /WP pin is ignored. When WPEN is high, the /WP pin controls write access to the status register. Thus the Status Register is write protected if WPEN=1 and /WP=0. This scheme provides a write protection mechanism, which can prevent software from writing the memory under any circumstances. This occurs if the BP1 and BP0 are set to 1, the WPEN bit is set to 1, and /WP is set to 0. This occurs because the block protect bits prevent writing memory and the /WP signal in hardware prevents altering the block protect bits (if WPEN is high). Therefore in this condition, hardware must be involved in allowing a write operation. The following table summarizes the write protection conditions.
Table 4. Write Protection WEL WPEN /WP 0 X X 1 0 X 1 1 0 1 1 1
Protected Blocks Protected Protected Protected Protected
Unprotected Blocks Protected Unprotected Unprotected Unprotected
Status Register Protected Unprotected Protected Unprotected
Memory Operation
The SPI interface, which is capable of a relatively high clock frequency, highlights the fast write capability of the FRAM technology. Unlike SPI-bus EEPROMs, the FM25L16 can perform sequential writes at bus speed. No page register is needed and any number of sequential writes may be performed. Write Operation All writes to the memory array begin with a WREN op-code. The next op-code is the WRITE instruction. This op-code is followed by a two-byte address value. The upper 5-bits of the address are ignored. In total, the 11-bits specify the address of the first data byte of the write operation. Subsequent bytes are data and they are written sequentially. Addresses are incremented internally as long as the bus master continues to issue clocks. If the last address of 7FFh is reached, the counter will roll over to 000h. Data is written MSB first. A write operation is shown in Figure 9. Unlike EEPROMs, any number of bytes can be written sequentially and each byte is written to memory immediately after it is clocked in (after the
8th clock). The rising edge of /CS terminates a WRITE op-code operation. Read Operation After the falling edge of /CS, the bus master can issue a READ op-code. Following this instruction is a twobyte address value. The upper 5-bits of the address are ignored. In total, the 11-bits specify the address of the first byte of the read operation. After the op-code and address are complete, the SI line is ignored. The bus master issues 8 clocks, with one bit read out for each. Addresses are incremented internally as long as the bus master continues to issue clocks. If the last address of 7FFh is reached, the counter will roll over to 000h. Data is read MSB first. The rising edge of /CS terminates a READ op-code operation. A read operation is shown in Figure 10. Hold The /HOLD pin can be used to interrupt a serial operation without aborting it. If the bus master pulls the /HOLD pin low while SCK is low, the current operation will pause. Taking the /HOLD pin high while SCK is low will resume an operation. The transitions of /HOLD must occur while SCK is low, but the SCK pin can toggle during a hold state.
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FM25L16
CS 0 SCK op-code SI SO 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 X MSB X X 11-bit Address X X 10 9 3 2 1 0 7 6 Data 54 3 2 1 0 LSB 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
LSB MSB
Figure 9. Memory Write
CS 0 SCK op-code SI 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 X MSB SO X X 11-bit Address X X 10 9 3 2 1 0 LSB MSB 7 6 5 Data 4 3 2 1 LSB 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Figure 10. Memory Read
Rev. 3.0 Aug. 2006
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FM25L16
Electrical Specifications
Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol Description VDD Power Supply Voltage with respect to VSS VIN Voltage on any pin with respect to VSS TSTG TLEAD VESD Storage Temperature Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 seconds) Electrostatic Discharge Voltage - Human Body Model (JEDEC Std JESD22-A114-B) - Charged Device Model (JEDEC Std JESD22-C101-A) Package Moisture Sensitivity Level Ratings -1.0V to +5.0V -1.0V to +5.0V and VIN < VDD+1.0V -55C to + 125C 300 C 4kV 1kV MSL-1
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only, and the functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
DC Operating Conditions (TA = -40 C to + 85 C, VDD = 2.7V to 3.6V unless otherwise specified) Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Units VDD Power Supply Voltage 2.7 3.3 3.6 V IDD VDD Supply Current mA 0.3 0.15 @ SCK = 1.0 MHz mA 5.5 3.0 @ SCK = 18.0 MHz ISB Standby Current 1 A ILI Input Leakage Current 1 A ILO Output Leakage Current 1 A VIH Input High Voltage 0.7 VDD VDD + 0.5 V VIL Input Low Voltage -0.3 0.3 VDD V VOH Output High Voltage V VDD - 0.8 @ IOH = -2 mA VOL Output Low Voltage 0.4 V @ IOL = 2 mA VHYS Input Hysteresis (/CS and SCK only) 0.05 VDD V Notes 1. SCK toggling between VDD-0.3V and VSS, other inputs VSS or VDD-0.3V. 2. SCK = SI = /CS=VDD. All inputs VSS or VDD. 3. VSS VIN VDD and VSS VOUT VDD. 4. Characterized but not 100% tested in production.
Notes 1
2 3 3
4
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FM25L16 AC Parameters (TA = -40 C to + 85 C, CL = 30pF) VDD 2.7 to 3.0V Symbol fCK tCH tCL tCSU tCSH tOD tODV tOH tD tR tF tSU tH tHS tHH tHZ tLZ Notes
1. 2. 3.
VDD 3.0 to 3.6V Min 0 25 25 10 10 Max 18 Units MHz ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns Notes 1 1
Parameter SCK Clock Frequency Clock High Time Clock Low Time Chip Select Setup Chip Select Hold Output Disable Time Output Data Valid Time Output Hold Time Deselect Time Data In Rise Time Data In Fall Time Data Setup Time Data Hold Time /Hold Setup Time /Hold Hold Time /Hold Low to Hi-Z /Hold High to Data Active
Min 0 30 30 10 10
Max 15
20 30 0 60 50 50 5 5 10 10 20 20 5 5 10 10 0 60
20 23
2
50 50
1,3 1,3
20 20
2 2
tCH + tCL = 1/fCK. Characterized but not 100% tested in production. Rise and fall times measured between 10% and 90% of waveform.
Power Cycle Timing (TA = -40 C to + 85 C, VDD = 2.7V to 3.6V) Symbol Parameter tPU Power Up (VDD min) to First Access (/CS low) tPD Last Access (/CS high) to Power Down (VDD min) tVR VDD Rise Time tVF VDD Fall Time Capacitance (TA = 25 C, f=1.0 MHz, VDD = 3.3V) Symbol Parameter CO Output Capacitance (SO) CI Input Capacitance Notes
1. 2. This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested. Slope measured at any point on VDD waveform.
Min 1 0 50 100
Max -
Units ms s s/V s/V
Notes
1,2 1,2
Min -
Max 8 6
Units pF pF
Notes 1 1
AC Test Conditions Input Pulse Levels Input rise and fall times Input and output timing levels Output Load Capacitance
10% and 90% of VDD 5 ns 0.5 VDD 30 pF
Rev. 3.0 Aug. 2006
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FM25L16 Serial Data Bus Timing
/Hold Timing
tHS CS tHH SCK tHS HOLD tHH
SO tHZ tLZ
Power Cycle Timing
Data Retention (VDD = 2.7V to 3.6V, + 85 C) Parameter Min Data Retention 45
Max -
Units Years
Notes
Rev. 3.0 Aug. 2006
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FM25L16
Mechanical Drawing
8-pin SOIC (JEDEC Standard MS-012, variation AA)
Recommended PCB Footprint
7.70
3.90 0.10
6.00 0.20
2.00
3.70
Pin 1
1.27
0.65
4.90 0.10
1.35 1.75
0.25 0.50
45
0.19 0.25
1.27 0.33 0.51
0.10 0.25
0.10 mm
0- 8
0.40 1.27
Refer to JEDEC MS-012 for complete dimensions and notes. All dimensions in millimeters.
SOIC Package Marking Scheme
Legend: XXXX= part number, P= package type LLLLLLL= lot code RIC=Ramtron Int'l Corp, YY=year, WW=work week Example: FM25L16, "Green" SOIC package, Year 2004, Work Week 38 FM25L16-G A40003G RIC0438
XXXXXXX-P LLLLLLL RICYYWW
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FM25L16 8-pin TDFN (3.0mm x 6.4mm body, 0.65mm pitch)
6.40 0.1
Exposed metal pad. Do not connect to anything, except Vss.
Pin 1 ID
Pin 1
3.00 0.1 0.0 - 0.05 0.75 0.05 0.20 REF. 0.65 0.25 0.05 3.10
0.40 0.1
Recommended PCB Footprint 1.10 6.70
0.60 0.65 0.30
Note: All dimensions in millimeters. This package is footprint compatible with the 8-pin TSSOP.
TDFN Package Marking Scheme for Body Size 3mm x 6.4mm
Legend: RIC=Ramtron Int'l Corp, G="green" TDFN package XXXX=base part number LLLL= lot code YY=year, WW=work week Example: "Green" TDFN package, FM25L16, Lot 0003, Year 2004, Work Week 38 RICG 5L16 0003 0438
RICG XXXX LLLL YYWW
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FM25L16
Revision History
Revision 0.1 0.2 1.0 Date 3/16/04 6/2/04 10/22/04 Summary Initial Release Replaced TSSOP with TDFN package. Changed to Preliminary status. Added clarification to TDFN package drawing. Changed AC timing reference to 0.5 VDD. Added Power Cycling parameters and diagram. Changed to Pre-Production status. Added ESD and package MSL ratings. Changed Data Retention spec. Changed AC timings. Adjusted Idd values. Removed IDD 100KHz and 5MHz entries. Improved IDD limits for 1MHz and 18MHz. Changed to Production status. Changed tODV to 30ns (2.7 to 3.0V).
2.0 2.1 2.2 3.0
3/10/05 7/18/05 6/1/06 8/21/06
Rev. 3.0 Aug. 2006
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